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Arthur Schopenhauer's aesthetics result from his doctrine of the primacy of the Will as the ''thing in itself'', the ground of life and all being; and from his judgment that individuation of the Will is evil. Schopenhauer held that art offers a way for people to temporarily escape the suffering that results from willing.〔"…aesthetic pleasure in the beautiful consists, to a large extent, in the fact that, when we enter the state of pure contemplation, we are raised for the moment above all willing, above all desires and cares; we are, so to speak, rid of ourselves." (Schopenhauer, ''The World as Will and Representation'', vol. I, § 68, Dover page 390) 〕 Basing his doctrine on the dual aspect of the world as will and the world as representation, he taught that if consciousness or attention is fully engrossed, absorbed, or occupied with the world as painless representations or images, then there is no consciousness of the world as painful willing. Aesthetic pleasure results from being a spectator of "the world as representation" (image or idea ) without any experience of "the world as will" (craving, urge ).〔Schopenhauer's Account of Aesthetic Experience. TJ Diffey - ''The British Journal of Aesthetics'', 1990 - Br Soc Aesthetics〕 Art, according to Schopenhauer, also provides essential knowledge of the world’s objects in a way that is more profound than science or everyday experience.〔"()esthetics is at the heart of philosophy for Schopenhauer: art and aesthetic experience not only provide escape from an otherwise miserable existence, but attain an objectivity explicitly superior to that of science or ordinary empirical knowledge." "Knowledge and Tranquility: Schopenhauer on the Value of Art," Christopher Janaway, in Dale Jacquette (ed.), ''Schopenhauer, Philosophy and the Arts'', ch. 2, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 39.〕 ==An extension of his philosophy== For Schopenhauer, the Will is an aimless desire to perpetuate itself, the basis of life. Desire engendered by the Will is the source of all the sorrow in the world; each satisfied desire leaves us either with boredom, or with some new desire to take its place. A world in thrall to Will is necessarily a world of suffering. Since the Will is the source of life, and our very bodies are stamped with its image and designed to serve its purpose, the human intellect is, in Schopenhauer's simile, like a lame man who can see, but who rides on the shoulders of a blind giant. Schopenhauer's aesthetics is an attempt to break out of the pessimism that naturally comes from this world view. Schopenhauer believed that what distinguished ''aesthetic experiences'' from other experiences is that contemplation of the object of aesthetic appreciation temporarily allowed the subject a respite from the strife of desire, and allowed the subject to enter a realm of purely mental enjoyment, the world purely as representation or mental image. The more a person's mind is concerned with the world as representation, the less it feels the suffering of the world as will.〔"Schopenhauer…regards art as the only means of temporarily escaping the fundamentally futile nature of reality. Art’s essential role is…to enable us to escape what we already intuitively know about the irredeemable nature of what we are." (Andrew Bowie, ''Aesthetics and subjectivity: from Kant to Nietzsche'', Chapter 8, "Nietzsche and the fate of Romantic thought," "Schopenhauer: music as metaphysics," Manchester University Press, 2003, Page 262.)〕 Schopenhauer analysed art from its effects, both on the personality of the artist, and the personality of the viewer.〔Magee, Bryan, ''The Philosophy of Schopenhauer'' (Oxford University Press, revised edition, 1977) ISBN 0-19-823722-7〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arthur Schopenhauer's aesthetics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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